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Oracle认证OCM考试练习题库:调优包的使用

2010-07-14 09:00    作者:小荷    来源:oracleblog.cn    浏览:

本文主要分2部分,一是介绍statspack,这个主要是为了在10g中延续9i的使用习惯。二是介绍awr、addm、ash报告的生成。这是在10g中常用的调优方法,可以在gc或者dbconsole界面中点击查看,也可以用命令行在生成。生成这些报告不难,难的是分析这些报告。

一、statspack:
1、建立statspack:

@?/rdbms/admin/spcreate

2、建立snap level为7的snapshot:

var snap number;
begin
:
snap:=statspack.snap(I_SNAP_LEVEL=>7);
end;
/

3、执行消耗系统性能的脚本

4、再次snap,同第二步。

5、创建report:

@?/rdbms/admin/spreport

6、跟进statspack调整,比如发现buffer busy wait,调整对应的表和表空间。

7、再次运行snap和spreport,观察效果。

二、addm、awr和ash:
awr默认每隔1小时截取一次。
注意,awr可以用图形界面,也可以用包。
在这里,我们先介绍图形界面的操作。
1、图形界面:
1.1 建立snapshot:
你可以用之前创建的gc,也可以用dbconsole(注意db control对后续很有好处,建议在之前安装的时候,勾上。)。
先检查一下dbconsole是否有启动:

[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$ ./emctl status dbconsole
TZ set to PRC
OC4J Configuration issue. /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_ocmdb1.localdomain_ocmgc not found.
[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$

如果是之前安装的时候没有安装,我们可以用emca来进行安装:

[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$ export ORACLE_SID=ocmdb

先用emca命令看一下有哪些参数:

[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$ emca
/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emca [operation] [mode] [dbType] [flags] [parameters]
 
-h | --h | -help | --help: prints this help message
-version: prints the version
 
-config dbcontrol db [-repos (create | recreate)] [-cluster] [-silent] [-backup] [parameters]: configure Database Control for a database
-config centralAgent (db | asm) [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]: configure central agent management
-config all db [-repos (create | recreate)] [-cluster] [-silent] [-backup] [parameters]: configure both Database Control and central agent management
 
-deconfig dbcontrol db [-repos drop] [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]: de-configure Database Control
-deconfig centralAgent (db | asm) [-cluster] [ -silent] [parameters]: de-configure central agent management
-deconfig all db [-repos drop] [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]: de-configure both Database Control and central agent management
 
-addInst (db | asm) [-silent] [parameters]: configure EM for a new RAC instance
-deleteInst (db | asm) [-silent] [parameters]: de-configure EM for a specified RAC instance
 
-reconfig ports [-cluster] [parameters]: explicitly reassign Database Control ports
-reconfig dbcontrol -cluster [-silent] [parameters]: reconfigures RAC Database Control deployment
 
-displayConfig dbcontrol -cluster [-silent] [parameters]: displays information about the RAC Database Control configuration
 
-upgrade (db | asm | db_asm) [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]: upgrades an earlier version of the EM configuration to the current version
 
-restore (db | asm | db_asm) [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]: restores the current version of the EM configuration to an earlier version
 
Parameters and Options:
[parameters]: [ -respFile fileName ] [ -paramName paramValue ]*
db: perform configuration operation for a database (including databases that use ASM)
asm: perform configuration operation for an ASM-only instance
db_asm: perform upgrade/restore operation for a database and an ASM instance
-repos create: create a new Database Control repository
-repos drop: drop the current Database Control repository
-repos recreate: drop the current Database Control repository and recreate a new one
-cluster: perform configuration operation for a RAC database
-silent: perform configuration operation without prompting for parameters
-backup: configure automatic backup for a database
 
Parameters for single instance databases
        HOST: Database hostname
        SID: Database SID
        PORT: Listener port number
        ORACLE_HOME: Database ORACLE_HOME
        HOST_USER: Host username for automatic backup
        HOST_USER_PWD: Host user password for automatic backup
        BACKUP_SCHEDULE: Automatic backup schedule (HH:MM)
        EMAIL_ADDRESS: Email address for notifications
        MAIL_SERVER_NAME: Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications
        ASM_OH: ASM ORACLE_HOME
        ASM_SID: ASM SID
        ASM_PORT: ASM port
        ASM_USER_ROLE: ASM user role
        ASM_USER_NAME: ASM username
        ASM_USER_PWD: ASM user password
        SRC_OH: ORACLE_HOME for the database to be upgraded
        DBSNMP_PWD: Password for DBSNMP user
        SYSMAN_PWD: Password for SYSMAN user
        SYS_PWD: Password for SYS user
        DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT: Database Control HTTP port
        AGENT_PORT: EM agent port
        RMI_PORT: RMI port for Database Control
        JMS_PORT: JMS port for Database Control
 
Additional Parameters for cluster databases
        CLUSTER_NAME: Cluster name
        DB_UNIQUE_NAME: Database unique name
        SERVICE_NAME: Service name
        EM_NODE: Database Control node name
        EM_SID_LIST: Agent SID list [comma separated]
[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$

我们开始建立(注意会要sys、dbsnmp、sysman三个用户的密码,如果你忘记了,可以去alter user identified一下):

[oracle@ocmdb1 bin]$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create
 
STARTED EMCA at May 8, 2010 7:12:08 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Enter the following information:
Database SID: ocmdb   
Listener port number: 1521   
Password for SYS user: 
Password for DBSNMP user: 
Password for SYSMAN user: 
Email address for notifications (optional):
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
You have specified the following settings
 
Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
 
Database hostname ................ ocmdb1.localdomain
Listener port number ................ 1521
Database SID ................ ocmdb
Email address for notifications ...............
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ...............
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: Y
May 8, 2010 7:14:42 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/emca/ocmdb/emca_2010-05-08_07-12-08-PM.log.
May 8, 2010 7:14:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
May 8, 2010 7:18:05 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully created
May 8, 2010 7:18:16 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS
INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ...
May 8, 2010 7:20:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: Database Control started successfully
May 8, 2010 7:20:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is http://ocmdb1.localdomain:1158/em
<<<<<<<<<<<
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at May 8, 2010 7:20:09 PM

dconsole创建完成,你可以用 http://ocmdb1.localdomain:1158/em来访问了。
由于gc界面和dbconsole界面大同小异,我们就以dbconsole界面为例说说图形界面上的awr操作。gc界面我们不过是多点击了targets-database-选择数据库的操作。

在dbconsole的oem中,到administration-Statistics Management-Automatic Workload Repository-Manage Snapshots and Preserved Snapshot Sets-点击Snapshots后的数字,点击create,创建一个manual snapshot。

1.2 查看report
在Database Instance: ocmdb > Automatic Workload Repository > Snapshots的action的下拉菜单中,点击view report-go,当前选择的snapid是起始的,点击go之后会让你选择终止snapid。

1.3 生成addm
在awr report界面,点击view addm run.
也可以在home-下面的Advisor Central-ADDM

1.4 看awr的不同时间段对比报告:
在awr界面,点击compare periods
需要观察的是report部分。

1.5 看ash报告:
到Performance-run ASH report-点击Top Activity-选中中间长条的时间段-点击Run ASH Report-

2、我们再来看看命令行是怎么建立的,命令行的比图形界面更简单,字符控的同学可以用这个生产text来玩:
2.1 创建snapshot:

SQL> begin 
 
2  dbms_workload_repository.CREATE_SNAPSHOT;
 
3  end;
 
4  /
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL>

2.2 产生awr report:

@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

2.3 产生addm report:

@?/rdbms/admin/addmrpt.sql

2.4 产生awr对比报告:

@?/rdbm/admin/awrddrpt.sql

2.5 产生ash报告:

@?/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql

· 作者 小荷
· 永久链接: http://www.oracleblog.cn/study-note/using-tuning-package/

    
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